What Is SS-31? SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, MTP-131, or Bendavia, is a synthetic tetrapeptide specifically designed to target mitochondria—the energy-producing structures found inside every cell of the body. Unlike many peptides that act through hormones or growth factors, SS-31 works directly within the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding to a phospholipid called cardiolipin, helping